Nadia Hei Ka Chan, PhD
Clinical Psychologist

臨床心理學家於對認知、情緒及行為，及其與環境互動關係方面受過專業訓練，運用實証的心理治療方法協助受助者。港澳的臨床心理學家沒有處方權。治療取向就視乎其培訓背景。 精神科醫生是受醫學訓練的棈神科專科醫生，他們會利用藥物治療精神病症，有些精神科醫生也會做心理治療。 Clinical Psychologists are professionally trained experts in cognitive, emotional, and behavioural functioning, and their interaction with the environment. Their intervention is based on scientific understanding of people's cognition, emotion, and behaviour, to formulate and to intervene psychological issues. Clinical psychologists in HK and Macau are not allowed to prescribe pharmaceutic medications. Approaches of psychotherapy vary depending on the training of the practitioners. Psychiatrists are medical doctors specializing in psychiatry. They make psychiatric diagnosis and prescribe medications to treat mental disorders, while some also conduct psychotherapy.

視乎你的精神狀況和各種因素。有些情況，心理治療跟藥物治療同樣有效；有些情況，兩者並用會有更佳效果；有些情況，藥物比心理治療更快更有效。一般沒有諮詢見面不能作結論，故需要跟你的家庭醫生/主診醫生商量及討論，或預約作一節諮詢，與臨床心理學家討論及闡明可行之介入方向。 Depends on your mental conditions and various factors. Psychotherapy can be as effective as pharmacological treatment for some conditions. Some people benefit more from having both psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment at the same time for some conditions. Pharmacological treatment may work better in some conditions than psychotherapy does in some conditions. It is generally not possible to answer without consultation. Therefore, please consult your family doctors/attending doctors, or make an appointment for a consultation, to discuss with a clinical psychologist for clarifying feasible interventions.

Consultation refers to clinical, educational and/or child psychologists using their specialist knowledge and experience to provide a professional opinion, to assist others in problem-solving or to set up services. It is relatively a short-term, i.e. usually one-session interview, to identify current situation in order to make appropriate strategy to work with the concern. Consultations can be in relation to concerns of a particular child/ young person, which may involve working with parents, carers, families or education setting. Consultation can be provided via face-to-face & online in Cantonese and English. To schedule a session, please contact me via Whatsapp or email. 諮詢是指臨床、教育和/或兒童心理學家使用他們的專業知識和經驗提供專業意見、協助他人解決問題或建立服務。 諮詢一般相對短期，通常是一次會面，以識別當前情況，以便制定適當的策略來處理相關問題。諮詢亦可以針對有關特定的兒童/年輕人的狀況（可能涉及與父母、照顧者、家庭或教育環境的合作）。 諮詢(粵語/廣東話和英語)可通過面談和在線提供。請以Whatsapp 或電子郵件與我聯繫安排預約。

During the inital consulation, which usually takes 75 to 90 minutes, in addition to expectation of the consultation, information related to current situation/condition and concern, such as psychosocial background, health history, family, other relationships, social life and interests, will be gathered. This helps a psychologist get a big picture understanding of how concerns may have developed and how they are impacting a client, in order to formulate appropriate recommendations, plan and/or strategy to proceed together for the concern. For issue about a specific child or young person, parent consultation is highly recommended to be arranged to explore a comprehensive understanding before meeting with the child and/or the young person. * please bring along with (medical, psychological, or school) report and medical prescription if any. 初次諮詢通常需要75至90分鐘，除諮詢的期望外，還會收集與當前狀況和關注有關的信息，例如：心理社交背景、健康史、家庭、其他人際關係、社交生活和興趣等。這有助於全面了解現時狀況、狀況之形成以及其影響，以制定適當的建議、計劃和/或策略。對於有關特定兒童或年輕人的問題，強烈建議在與兒童和/或年輕人會面之前安排家長諮詢，以尋求全面的了解。 *請隨身攜帶（醫療、心理或學校）報告和醫療處方（如有）。

A session of psychological consultation is necessary before assessment, counseling, and/or intervention. The aim of the consultation session is to seek for direction and measures. It is similar to the medical consultation before prescription. * please bring along (medical, psychological, or school) report and medical prescription if any. 於評估、輔導和/或其他介入干預之前，諮詢節必須進行的原因及目的是尋求方向和措施。 類似於藥物處方前的醫療諮詢。 *請隨身攜帶（醫療，心理或學校）報告和醫療處方（如有）。

Psychological assessment is a process of testing that uses a combination of techniques to help arrive at some hypotheses about a person and their behavior, personality and capabilities. Psychological assessment is also referred to as psychological testing. Psychological testing is nearly always performed by a licensed psychologist and/or a trainned mental health profession. 心理評估是一種使用多種技術組合的測試過程，幫助得出有關一個人及其行為、性格和能力的一些假設。 心理評估也稱為心理測試。 心理測試大多由持牌心理學家和/或受過訓練的心理健康專業人士進行。

Psychological assessment identifies one’s abilities and qualities, and helps in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. It usually measures one’s current level of function, intellectual and learning ability, cognitive functioning, social functioning, general personality profiles, or emotional functioning, including but not limited to: - Adaptive Behavior Assessment - Attention Assessment - Autism Spectrum Assessment - Cognitive Assessment - Memory Assessment - Mental Health Assessment - Mood & Behavioral Assessment 心理評估可以識別一個人的能力和素質，並有助於診斷和處理心理狀況。 心理評估通常可用於衡量一個人當前的功能水平、智力和學習能力、認知功能、社交功能、一般人格特徵或情緒功能，包括但不限於： -自適應行為評估 -注意力/專注力評估 -自閉症譜系評估 -認知評估 -記憶評估 -心理健康評估 -情緒和行為評估

A psychological assessment generally involves four phases: 1. a pre-assessment consultation 2. session(s) of psychological testing 3. behavioral observation (whenever necessary) 4. post-assessment feedback 心理評估通常包括四個階段： 1.評估前諮詢 2.心理測驗 3.行為觀察（必要時） 4.評估後反饋

Parent consultation is actually a common assessment technique: clinical interview. The purpose of clinical interview is to gather information. During the session, the concern of assessment and plan of assessment (including but not limited to arranging suitable assessment tool, date, numbers of session and informing the cost of the assessment) will be discussed. Purpose of parent consultation: 1. To understand what's causing those symptoms, which is similar to medical testing. 2. To assist the development of treatment/ intervention plan. For more information, please read the article “Understanding psychological testing and assessment” at the website of American Psychological Association (https://www.apa.org/topics/psychological-testing-assessment) 家長諮詢其實是一種常見的評估技術：臨床訪談，目的是收集訪談信息，諮詢過程亦旨在找出需評估之問題及計劃（包括但不只限：安排合適的評估工具、日期、節數及令家長了解成本）。 目的： 1. 與醫學測試相似，即用作了解引起症狀/問題嘅原因 2. 有助於制定治療/介入計劃 詳細資料可參考美國心理學會發表的文章：《了解心理測試和評估》。 原文可參考 https://www.apa.org/topics/psychological-testing-assessment。

Assessment report generally includes following parts: - purpose for evaluation - assessment procedures - mental status examination/ behavioural observation - relevant background information - datas, results and interpretation of the evaluation - summary/ recommendations 評估報告通常包括以下部分： -評估目的 -評估程序 -心理狀態檢查/行為觀察 -相關背景信息 -評估的數據、結果和解釋 -摘要/建議

Counseling and Psychotherapy are called "talk therapy" where the concern of client is resolved through a mutual understanding and collaborative process with conversation and behavioral tasks. Most of the times counseling and psychotherapy are interchangeable. Both of them can focus on current behavioral concern (e.g., changing a habit, making a decision, adapting a new environment, etc), and chronic distress and development of the person (e.g., emotional distress or disorder, thinking patterns and consequences, empowerment of the person against stressors, etc), requiring reciprocal respect, honesty and collaboration between a client and a worker. Evidence-based approaches will be applied, which have been evaluated and shown to be effective in clinical research trials. 輔導及心理治療都被稱為「談話治療」。談話治療透過建基於互相理解和合作式的對話及行為方法去解決案主的問題。兩者很多時候是相似而可互換的。兩者都可集中於案主現況特定的行為問題（如改變某個習慣、作出某個決定、適應某個新環境等)及長期困擾及其發展（如情緒困擾或精神障礙、思考模式及其後續、充能案主使其能夠面對壓力源等）。談話治療取決於案主與工作員互相尊重、誠實、及真誠地合作。採用證據爲本的方法（方法已經過評估，並在臨床研究試驗中證明其有效性）。

Major steps involved in the process of counseling and psychotherapy: Step 1: Initial contact and setting up an appointment (will be set up within 48 hours) Step 2: Consultation = Registration, Screening, Assessment and Planning Step 3: Working as a Team = Your active participation with your individualized plan. - Each session will be around 50 to 60 minutes. - You may experience a range of emotions and expectations, depending on the psychotherapeutic approach and the circumstances of your situation. - Major tasks: application of interventions, progress evaluation, reviews & modification of plan. Step 4: Summarisation and Termination 以下為輔導/心理治療過程中的主要步驟： 第一步：第一次聯繫及預約(48小時內可完成) 第二步：諮詢 = 見面、評測及規劃介入重點 第三步：協作 = 積極參與屬於您的個人化計劃的時間 - 每次見面約50至60分鐘。 - 取決於您的情況和心理治療的取向，您可能經歷到各種的情感和期望。 - 這個過程中主要任務是介入、評估進展和監測、持續回饋和調整計劃。 第四步：總結和結案

Evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics, culture, and preferences. EBPP promotes effective psychological practice and enhances public health by applying empirically supported principles of psychological assessment, case formulation, therapeutic relationship, and intervention to all professional practices. 心理學的循證實踐是於案主特徵、文化和偏愛之背景下之最佳研究與臨床專業知識的結合運用有實證支持的心理學評估、個案概念、治療關係和介入之原則，促進心理學應用的效果及增強公共衛生。

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic modality that has been shown to be effective in over 1,000 research studies. It is a time-sensitive, structured, present-oriented approach that helps individuals identify goals that are most important to them and overcome obstacles that get in the way. It is based on the cognitive model: the way that individuals perceive a situation is more closely connected to their reaction than the situation itself. For more information about CBT, please visit https://beckinstitute.org/get-informed/what-is-cognitive-therapy/ For treatment with CBT on different conditions, please visit https://beckinstitute.org/get-informed/conditions/ 認知行為療法（CBT）是一種已在1000多項研究證明其效用的心理治療取向。這是一種相對有時限對、結構化、當前為本向方法，協助人辨識對他們而言最重要的目標，並克服阻礙前進的障礙。 它基於認知模型：個人感知情況的方式比情況本身更緊密地與其反應聯繫在一起。 有關更多CBT的資訊，請參閱https://beckinstitute.org/get-informed/what-is-cognitive-therapy/ 有關CBT對不同情況之處理，請參閱https://beckinstitute.org/get-informed/conditions/

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is an extensively researched psychotherapy method proven to help people recover from trauma and other distressing life experiences, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and panic disorders. For more about EMDR, please visit https://www.emdria.org/about-emdr-therapy/ For more about typical EMDR treatment, please visit https://www.emdria.org/about-emdr-therapy/experiencing-emdr-therapy/ 快速眼動療法(EMDR)是一項經過廣泛研究的心理治療方法，被證明可幫助人從創傷和其他令人痛苦的生活經歷中恢復，包括創傷後應激障礙(PTSD)焦慮症、抑鬱症和恐慌症。 有關更多EMDR的資訊，請參閱https://www.emdria.org/about-emdr-therapy/ 有關更多一般EMDR治療的資訊，請參閱https://www.emdria.org/about-emdr-therapy/experiencing-emdr-therapy/

Association for Play Therapy defines play therapy as "the systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process wherein trained play therapists use the therapeutic powers of play to help clients prevent or resolve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal growth and development." (美國)遊戲治療協會將游戲治療定義為「有系統地使用理論方法的系統使用所建立之人際過程，在此過程中，具備訓練之遊戲治療師運用遊戲之治療力量來幫助個案預防或解決社會心理問題，以達到治療最佳之成長與發展。 Play therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach used to help children ages 3 to 12 explore their lives and freely express repressed thoughts and emotions through play (sometimes used with adults too). Therapeutic play normally takes place in a safe, comfortable playroom, where very few rules or limits are imposed on the child, depending on the play therapy approach applied. 遊戲治療是大多會用於3至12歲小朋友的心理治療（雖然有時亦會用於成人身上）以協助其表達其想法及感受。遊戲治療亦稱為治療式遊戲，一般會於安全及舒適的遊戲室內進行，過程中會因應遊戲治療取向盡少加設限制。 The goal and time need for play therapy vary. Before starting play therapy, parents and/or caregiver(s) meet with play therapist to set treatment goal and plan. Emotion and behavior control, enhancement of self-esteem, social skills, stress and trauma management are some of the examples for treatment goal. Play sessions usually are scheduled weekly or every two weeks for 45 minutes. For some approaches, every three or four play sessions, parents and/or caregiver(s) meet with therapist alone to review progress and feedback. 遊戲治療的目標及所需時間因人而異。開始遊戲治療前，父母或/及照顧者會先約見遊戲治療師訂定目標及方向。一般目標可以是但不限於控制情緒及行為、提高自我意識、學習社交技巧、克服壓力和創傷徵狀等。節數通常每周或每兩周一次約45 分鐘之遊戲節。因應遊戲治療取向，有些取向會每三至四節後會與大人單獨見面進行進度之回饋。

Theraplay® is a dyadic child and family therapy that has been recognized by the Association of Play Therapy as one of seven seminal psychotherapies for children. Developed over 50 years ago, and practiced around the world, Theraplay® was developed for any professional working to support healthy child/caregiver attachment. Theraplay enhances relationship building from the "Inside Out". In treatment, the Theraplay® Practitioner guides the parent and child through playful, fun games, developmentally challenging activities, and tender, nurturing activities. The very act of engaging each other in this way helps the parent regulate the child's behavior and communicate love, joy, and safety to the child. It helps the child feel secure, cared for, connected and worthy. For more information, please visit https://theraplay.org Theraplay®是一種以一對親子互動為單位的兒童和家庭療法，被美國遊戲治療協會認可為七種開創性的兒童心理療法之一。 Theraplay®於50年前開發為以專業工作支援健康的兒童/照顧者依戀關係而開發，並在世界範圍內廣泛使用。 Theraplay®從「由內而外」增強建立關係的能力。在治療方面，Theraplay®執行師會引導父母和孩子進行有趣的遊戲，合發展階段的挑戰活動以及溫柔的養育活動。以這種方式參與互相行為本身就可以幫助父母調節兒童的行為，並向兒童傳達愛、喜樂和安全感，亦協助兒童感到安全、被照顧、與人連結及其價值。 請參閱https://theraplay.org 以取得更多資訊。

Developed by Charles Schaefer, the basic premise underlying prescriptive play therapy is the notion that all play therapy approaches have the potential to be the one most useful approach for some children, and no single approach is the best fit for all children. The goal of treatment is to identify the best possible evidence-based intervention or strategy to maximize symptom reduction and promote overall therapeutic gain. 由Charles Schaefer開發，處方遊戲治療的基本前提是所有遊戲治療方法都有可能成為某些兒童最有用的方法，並且沒有一種方法最適合所有兒童。目標是辨識出最佳的循證介入或策略，以最大程度地減少症狀並促進總體治療效果。

Biofeedback is a technique that involves monitoring a person’s physiological state and feeding information about it back to that person. Recipients of the feedback are trained to consciously control aspects of their physiology—using relaxation techniques to slow down heart rate, for example—and this learning is used to help manage symptoms of a variety of medical and psychological conditions. Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback that involves the use of information from the brain detected using a method such as EEG. For more about Biofeedback, please visit https://www.bcia.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3523 生物反饋是一種涉及觀察人的生理狀態並將其生理狀態資訊反饋給該人的技術。 接收反饋者會學習有意識地控制其生理方面（例如，使用放鬆技術來減慢心率）。此學習可用於幫助管理各種醫學和心理狀況的症狀。神經反饋是生物反饋的一種形式，通過利用檢測來自大腦信息的方法，如EEG等。 更是有關生物反饋的資訊，請參閱https://www.bcia.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3523

The provision of psychological services using technological modalities in lieu of, or in addition to, traditional face-to-face methods (e.g., provision of psychological interventions using phone, videoteleconferencing, use of applications, email). 使用科技代替傳統的面對面方法或使用傳統的面對面方法時加以使用科技（例如，電話、視像會議、使用應用程序、電郵）來提供心理服務。

Web-conferencing platform, doxy.me, used here is safe, secure and meets the worldwide security requirements: HIPAA, GDPR, PHIPA/PIPEDA, & HITECH compliant. All you need is an internet connection and a computer with a webcam and microphone, or a smartphone. After scheduling the first appointment, a secure meeting link will be sent via email. A few minutes before the appointment time, click the link to enter a virtual waiting room. When the session begins, I’ll welcome you into our secure private meeting room where your session will take place. Other Telepsychology will be developed in near future. 網絡會議平台將用於大多數服務中。我所用之網上平台doxy.me已達到國際安全的要求：HIPAA, GDPR, PHIPA/PIPEDA, & HITECH。 您所需要的是互聯網連接以及帶網絡攝像頭和麥克風的電腦或智能電話。 安排首次見面後，安全的會議鏈接將通過電郵發送。 預約時間前幾分鐘，單擊鏈接進入虛擬等候室。 見面開始時，我將歡迎您進入我們安全的私人虛擬會議室，在該虛擬會議室進行見面。 其他遠程心理服務將在不久的將來發展。

It is understandable that Skype or FaceTime sessions are sometimes requested. However, for video calls without using a secure platform might come with greater privacy risks. Web-conferencing platform, doxy.me, used here is safe, secure and meets the worldwide security requirements for technical privacy criteria and to avoid data breaches. 透過Skype 或 FaceTime 見面要求是可以理解的。但是，對於不使用安全平台的視頻通話，可能會帶來更大的隱私風險。 此處使用的網絡會議平台 doxy.me 符合技術隱私標準的國際安全要求並避免數據洩露。

Clinical Supervision is a formal, systematic and continuous process of professional support and learning, for practicing helping professionals, in which they are assisted in developing their practice through regular discussion with experienced and trained supervisors and aims to promote autonomous decision-making, valuing the individual’s protection and safe care provision through reflective processes and clinical practice analysis. 臨床督導是一個正式、有系統和連續的專業支援和學習過程，旨在通過與較多年資、曾接受督導培訓的督導進行定期討論，協助專業助人者發展自己的專業，促進自主決策；通過反思和臨床實踐分析提高對個人的保障和安全的服務。

Clinical supervision provides an opportunity for professionals to: - Reflect on and review their practice. - Discuss individual cases in depth. - Change or modify their practice and identify training and continuing development needs. 臨床督導為專業人員提供了以下機會： - 反思並回顧他們的做法。 - 深入討論個案。 - 改變或調整其實踐，並辨識培訓和持續發展之需求。

Clinical supervision has a number of benefits for professionals: • Assisting management of the personal and professional demands created by the nature of their work provides an environment for exploring their own personal and emotional reactions to their work. • It can allow to reflect on and challenge their own practice in a safe and confidential environment. They can also receive feedback on their skills that is separate from managerial considerations. • It can be one part of their professional development, and also help to identify developmental needs. It can contribute towards meeting requirements of professional bodies and regulatory requirements for continuing professional development (where applicable). 臨床督導對專業人員有很多好處： •透過提供一個可以探索自己對工作的個人和情感反應的環境，協助人員管理因工作性質而產生的個人和專業需求。 •使人員在安全和保密的環境中反思和挑戰自己的做法，收到管理之外的反饋意見。 •可能是他們專業發展的一部分，也有助於辨識發展需求。滿足專業機構的要求和持續專業發展的法規要求（如適用）。

Supervisors should be adequately trained, experienced and supported to perform their role. They may not always come from the same professional background as the supervisee, but the supervisor should have the skills, qualifications, experience and knowledge of the area of practice required to undertake their role effectively. They should also be supported through having their own clinical supervision. 督導應接受過適當的培訓、有經驗和被支援。督導不一定與受被督導者來自同一專業背景，但應具有有效行使職責所需之實踐領域的技能、資歷、經驗和知識，亦應通過自己的臨床監督得到支援。

Effective clinical supervision relies on a good working relationship between supervisors and supervisees. Supervisors should: - Adopt a supportive and facilitative approach to help supervisees to identify issues, manage their response to their practice and identify personal and professional development needs. - Ensure a supervision contract is place so that both supervisor and supervisee are aware of roles, responsibilities and boundaries. - Keep a record of supervision sessions, reviewing any action plans. - Act appropriately where there are serious concerns about the conduct, competence or health of a practitioner. - Keep up to date with their own professional development including ensuring that they have access to their own supervision. 有效的臨床督導取決於督導與被督導者之間良好的工作關係。 督導應： - 採用支持和促參之方法，以協助被督導者發現問題、管理他們對實踐的反應並辨識個人和專業發展需求。 - 確保簽訂督導合同，以便督導和被督導者都知道角色、職責和界限。 - 記錄督導會議，回顧所有行動計劃。 - 於對人員的專業守則、能力或健康的有嚴重關注的情況下，採取適當的行動。 - 自己的專業發展與時俱進，包括確保有自己的督導。

Effective clinical supervision relies on a good working relationship between supervisors and supervisees. Supervisees should: - Prepare for supervision sessions, which include identifying issues from their practice for discussion with their supervisor. - Take responsibility for making effective use of time, and for the outcomes and actions taken as result of the supervision. - Take an active role in their own personal and professional development, keeping written records of their supervision sessions. 有效的臨床督導取決於督導與被督導者之間良好的工作關係。 被督導者應： •為督導會議做準備，包括從實踐中找出問題，以便與督導討論。 •對有效的時間運用、督導產生的結果和採取的措施負責。 •在自己的個人和專業發展中發揮積極作用，並保存其督導會議的書面記錄。

Couple facilitation can be led by a mentor, a priest, deacon, lay minister, or counselor/therapist to strengthen relationship, marriages and future families. 伴侶協談導引可以由導師、牧師、執事、外行牧師或輔導員/治療師領導，以加強關係、婚姻和未來家庭關係。

This is designed to help couples: Explore their relationship strengths and growth areas Strengthen their communication skills, including assertiveness and active listening Resolve their conflicts using the Ten Steps procedure Explore their relationship and families-of-origin issues with the Couple and Family Map Develop a workable budget and financial plan Develop their personal, couple and family goals 旨在幫助伴侶： 探索他們的關係優勢和成長領域 增強他們的溝通技巧，包括自信和積極傾聽 使用十步驟過程解決他們的衝突 使用夫婦和家庭地圖探索他們的關係和原籍家庭問題 制定可行的預算和財務計劃 制定個人、夫妻和家庭目標

The Gottman Method is an approach to couples therapy that includes a thorough assessment of the couple’s relationship and integrates research-based interventions based on the Sound Relationship House Theory. The goals of Gottman Method Couples Therapy are to disarm conflicting verbal communication; increase intimacy, respect, and affection; remove barriers that create a feeling of stagnancy; and create a heightened sense of empathy and understanding within the context of the relationship. Gottman Method是一種夫妻治療方法，包括對夫妻關係的全面評估，並結合基於幸福關係之屋理論(Sound Relationship House Theory)研究的介入措施。 Gottman Method Couples Therapy 的目標是解除溝通衝突、 增加親密感、尊重和感情、消除造成停滯感的障礙， 並在關係的背景下產生更高的同理心和理解感。

- A completely judgment-free, confidential support in which parents come to discuss and learn how to deal with their particular challenges of parenthood and in turn receive very specific guidance and resources. - For any parent or caregiver who needs support to navigate their child’s specialized mental health and developmental needs. - Provides information about the child’s needs and/or diagnosis, offers strategies and support, and fosters communication and coping skills. - Directive and brief with mutually agreed upon goals. - 一種完全不受評判、保密的支持，家長可以在其中討論和學習如何應對他們作為父母的特殊挑戰，從而獲得非常具體的指導和資源。 - 支援父母或照顧者應對孩子特殊心理健康和發展需求。 - 提供有關兒童需求和/或診斷的資訊，提供策略和支持，並培養溝通和應對技巧。 - 指導性和簡要的共同商定的目標。